Feeling Out-of-Sync? Sensory Processing Disorder Might Be to Blame

Look around a classroom and you’re bound to notice children who are struggling—they may crash into others, flop on the ground, fidget, or yell. For years adults looked at these behaviors and assumed they were just misbehaving. But the reality is more complex.

Carol Stock Kranowitz spent 25 years teaching and began to discover that what was going on was more than just bad behavior. Her research led to her book The Out of Sync Child and numerous tools for what we now understand as Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD).  

SPD occurs when the central nervous system processes sensory input in a disorderly manner. It can result in problems with eating, digestion, activity level, inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, social and emotional functioning, learning, and other challenges.  

Although often diagnosed in childhood, SPD is not limited by age. In fact, many adults may have SPD and not be aware of it, as over time they have developed tools and habits to manage the symptoms, such as wearing certain clothing or avoiding loud environments.

SPD can present in six different ways. Overresponders have a big reaction to small sensory input. Underresponders don’t notice the input from their body. Seekers are always looking for more input.  Other types of SPD can involve posture, bodily awareness, and movement.  

SPD often overlaps with other diagnoses, including ADHD, Autism (ASD), and developmental disorders. To further complicate things, sometimes SPD can be misdiagnosed as psychological problems such as OCD or Bipolar. It also can coincides with some medical conditions and allergies.

Treatment frequently involves working with an Occupational Therapist (OT). However, many individuals are able to manage SPD through regular use of a sensory diet. A sensory diet involves intentional input to the external and internal senses.

Most people are familiar with the external senses, but may not know the three internal senses. Our internal senses are constantly with us, and cannot be turned off. Introception is how our internal systems communicate with the brain—telling us when we are thirsty, tired, or hot.

Vestibular senses come through our inner ear. They tell us the position of our head relative to the earth and the movement of our body through space. They are connected to balance. Proprioception allows our muscles to communicate the movement and position of our body parts. 

If you think you or a loved one may be affected by SPD start by completing a check list, like the one found in Kranowitz’s book. If you notice areas of concern it may be helpful to implement a sensory diet or consult with an OT. With treatment wholeness is possible!