Eight timeless pieces of life advice from Epictetus

Epictetus was one of the greatest thinkers of his time. Despite being born into slavery in Phrygia (present-day Turkey) around 55 AD, and later being banished from Rome, he started a school of Stoic philosophy which became hugely influential.

Epictetus believed that the foundation of all philosophy is self-knowledge. A central part of his work was based on the idea that we can only control how we respond to life – not the events of life itself. Here’s a small selection of his instructions that still resonate today.

“Books are the training weights of the mind. They are very helpful, but it would be a bad mistake to suppose that one has made progress simply by having internalized their contents.”

“If someone succeeds in provoking you, realize that your mind is complicit in the provocation. Which is why it is essential that we not respond impulsively to impressions; take a moment before reacting, and you will find it easier to maintain control.”

“Most of what passes for legitimate entertainment is inferior or foolish and only caters to or exploits people's weaknesses. Avoid being one of the mob who indulges in such pastimes. Your life is too short and you have important things to do.”

“Never depend on the admiration of others. There is no strength in it. Personal merit cannot be derived from an external source. It is not to be found in your personal associations, nor can it be found in the regard of other people.”

“It is a fact of life that other people, even people who love you, will not necessarily agree with your ideas, understand you, or share your enthusiasms. Grow up! Who cares what other people think about you?”

“You become what you give your attention to.”

“Your happiness depends on three things, all of which are within your power: your will, your ideas concerning the events in which you are involved, and the use you make of your ideas.”

“Now is the time to get serious about living your ideals. How long can you afford to put off who you really want to be? Your nobler self cannot wait any longer. Put your principles into practice – now. Stop the excuses and the procrastination. This is your life!”